Smart Clothing Market Analysis

SmartClothingMarketAnalysis

AlexHanuska,BharathChandramohan,LauraBellamy, 

PaulineBurke,RajivRamanathan,VijayBalakrishnan



TableofContents



Introduction

ExistingWearablesandSmartClothingLandscape

HistoryofWearables

WearableTechnologyMarketSize

SmartClothingMarketSize

VendorLandscape

SmartClothingEcosystemValueChain

SmartClothingUseCases

UseCase:Athletics

CurrentAthleticSmartClothingProductOfferings

AthleticsandBigData

AthleticsMarketSize

UseCase:Healthcare

CurrentHealthcareSmartClothingProductOfferings

HealthcareProfessionandBigData

MarketSize

Military

CurrentMilitarySmartClothingProductOfferings

MilitaryandBigData

Marketsize

Sensors&Data

BarrierstoAdoption

TechnicalChallenges

Standards:thelanguageofbigdata

Privacy:Securingdata

Analysis:Miningdataforvaluablecontent

ConnectivityandPortability

Cultural

SpecialBarrierConsiderationPertainingtotheMilitary

PathtoMarketSuccess

Conclusion

References



Abstract:Themarketforwearabletechnologyhasbeenslowlygrowingsincethe1970s

andhasrecentlyexplodedwiththepopularityoffitnesstrackersandsmartwatches.

Althoughthewearablesmarketisnowa$28billionperyearindustry ,smartclothing

representsonlyafractionofthatmarket.Unlikepersonalwearabledeviceswhooffer

datainsightstothedeviceowner,thepowerofsmartclothingcanbebestrealizedwhen

companiesengagebothdeviceownersforpersonaldatainsightsandperformbigdata

analysisforcommercialapplication.

Introduction

Muchliketheevolutionofsmartphonesandtablets,wearabletechnologyhasbeenwell

receivedbyearlyadoptersandisnowpoisedtogrowintoaleaderoftheconsumer

electronicsmarket.Wearablesaredeviceswornonthebodyforextendedperiodsof

timethathaveadvancedcircuitryandindependentprocessingcapability.



Wearablesareevolvingaspartofagrowingtrendtomovedataanalysisand

communicationfromthesmartphonedirectlytothebody.Technologistsareusinga

combinationofsensors,machinelearning,andbigdataanalysistoprovideconsumers

moredataabouttheirbodiesandlivesthaneverbefore.Thisemergingfieldofproducts

willhaveadramaticimpactonhumancomputerinteraction.



Thewearablesmarkethasseveralcategoriesofpersonaldevices,allofwhichareworn

orattachedtothebody.Thecategoriesincludesmartwatches,fitnesstrackers,smart

glasses,bodysensors,wearablecameras,locationtrackers,gesturedevices,andsmart

clothing.Thesedevicesserveawiderangeofpurposesfromhealthcaretolifelogging,to

safetynotifications.Smartclothing,oretextiles,haveconductivefibersorsensors

attachedtoorwovenintotheclothingmaterial.Likeotherwearables,smartclothing

sendsdatatoasecondarydevicewheretheusercanevaluatetheinformation.



Despitetherapidgrowthofwearabletechnologyinfitnesstrackerandsmartwatch

categories,othercategoriesarelackingdramaticgrowth.Inparticular,smartclothing

representslessthan1%oftheglobalwearablesmarket. Thelackofexpansionand

adoptioninthiscategoryisduetomanyfactors:

● Technicalchallengeswithsensorsize,sensoraccuracy,anddevicepower

● Culturalchallengesindataprivacy,devicecost,andstyle



"GartnerSaysWorldwideWearableDevicesSalestoGrow..."2016.17Apr.2016

<http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3198018>

"GartnerSaysWorldwideWearableDevicesSalestoGrow..."2016.17Apr.2016

<http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3198018>

Oneofthelargestchallengestosmartclothingadoptionisthelackofcompellinguse

casesforpersonalelectronicconsumersandthemarketvalueofdevelopingandselling

devicestoendusers.Torealizethepotentialofsmartclothing,companiesmustdevelop

productsandservicesthatprovidebothpersonaldatainsightstoendusersaswellas

providingbigdataanalyticsthatprovidesanddeliverscommercialvaluetocompanies

buildingit.



Thisresearchexploresthedevelopmentofwearabletechnology,thecurrentmarketsize

ofwearabletechnologyandsmartclothing,andbarrierstosmartclothingadoption.To

bestillustratethevaluethatbigdataanalyticscanoffercommercialapplications,this

researchexploressmartclothingusecasesinthreemarketsegments:professional

athletics,militaryindustry,andhealthcare.

WearablesandSmartClothingLandscape

Althoughthewearableindustrygainedmomentuminthe2000s,ahandfulof20th

centurytechnologiesaretheoriginatorsofwearabletechnology.Fromtheemergenceof

wearablesinthe1970stothecurrent$27Bindustry,wearableshaveevolvedtoaglobal

marketservingmanyindustries. 

HistoryofWearables

Ifyouapplythefollowingtwopartcriteriafordefiningawearabledevice,youcansee

thatthewearablemarketplacedatesbacktothe1970s.Wearablesmustbe:

● Comfortablywornonthebodyforextendedperiodsoftime

● Independentlypoweredandusesensorsormicrocomputerstoprocess

information



Inadditiontothenotablereductionofsizeofthewearablesdeviceovertime,fromthe

SonyWalkman’s0.5lbtothe0.3ounceFitbitZip,the“smart”componentofwearables

hasdramaticallyincreased. 



"GartnerSaysWorldwideWearableDevicesSalestoGrow..."2016.17Apr.2016

<http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3198018>

"FitbitZip™WirelessActivityTracker."2012.18Apr.2016<https://www.fitbit.com/zip>



Inthelast10years,“smart”wearableshaveadvancedintwoprimaryareas:

● theabilitytocollectpersonaldata(NikeiPod,GoPro)

● Theabilitytoproviderealtimedatainsightstousers(Fitbit,Jawbone,Pebble)



Theseadvancements,coupledwiththeubiquityofsmartphones,haveprimedthemarket

forsmart,wearable,personaldevicessuchastheAppleWatch.However,notable

missingfromthecurrenttimelinearesmartclothingproducts.Untilrecently,technology,

cultural,andmarketconditionshavenotbeenalignedtosupporttheadoptionofsmart

clothing.

WearableTechnologyMarketSize

Asevidencedbythetopfivemanufacturersofwearabledevicesin2015,thecurrent

marketisdominatedbyfitnesstrackersandsmartwatches. 



"WorldwideWearablesMarketSoarsintheThird...IDC."2015.18Apr.2016

https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS40674715



Remarkableinthe2015salesistherapidgrowthandadoption:

● The#1appontheiTunesappstoreonChristmasDay2015wasFitbit,indicating

howpopularthegiftwas.

● Xioami,whichsoldnofitnesstrackersin4Q14,sold2.7milliondevicesin4Q15.

● Despitelowerthanpredictedunitsales,theAppleWatchgenerated$5.5billionin

revenue. 



Thewearablesmarkethadhigherthanexpectedgrowthin2015,whereunitsaleshave

doubledsince2014.Asearlyas2014,thewearablesmarketwasexpectedtohave

steadygrowthtrajectoryfrom17milliondeviceshipmentsin2013to187.12millionunits

in2020(CAGRof34%). Withtherecentsuccessoffitnesstrackersandtheemergence

oftheAppleWatchtodrivesmartwatchsales,marketanalystshaveadjustedwearable

devicesalestoprojectevengreaterdeviceshipmentsandrevenue.



"WearableDeviceMarketForecasts:SmartWatches,Fitness..."2015.18Apr.2016

http://www.prnewswire.com/newsreleases/wearabledevicemarketforecastssmartwatchesfitness

trackerssmartglassessmartclothingbodysensorswearablecamerasandotherwearabledevice

sforconsumerenterprisehealthcareindustrialpublicsafetysports300198196.html

"WearableDeviceMarketForecasts:SmartWatches,Fitness..."2015.18Apr.2016

http://www.prnewswire.com/newsreleases/wearabledevicemarketforecastssmartwatchesfitness

trackerssmartglassessmartclothingbodysensorswearablecamerasandotherwearabledevice

sforconsumerenterprisehealthcareindustrialpublicsafetysports300198196.html

"WearableDeviceForecastResearchReportTractica."2016.18Apr.2016

https://www.tractica.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/03/MDWDMF1Q16ExecutiveSummary.pdf

SmartClothingMarketSize

The2015globalsmartphonemarketisanimpressive$399billion,butpalesin

comparisontotheclothingmarketwith$1.2trillioningarmentsales.For2019,thisgap

ispredictedtowidento$520billionsmartphonesalesandawhopping$2.2trillionin

garmentsales. 



“Clotheswillalwaysoutsellphones.”

~Dr.MichaelBurrows,Dupont



Giventhepervasivenessandcontinualgrowthoftheclothingmarket,youwouldassume

thatmergerofwearabletechnologywithclothingwouldbeanobviousareaformarket

expansion.However,growthinthisareaispredictedtobeslowwithsmartclothing

accountforlessthan1%ofthemarket.



"TheEconomicImpactoftheFashionIndustry."2015.18Apr.2016

https://maloney.house.gov/sites/maloney.house.gov/files/documents/The%20Economic%20Impact

%20of%20the%20Fashion%20Industry%20%20JEC%20report%20FINAL.pdf

"CumulativeWearableDeviceShipmentstoSurpass750..."2015.18Apr.2016

https://www.tractica.com/newsroom/pressreleases/cumulativewearabledeviceshipmentstosurpa

ss750millionunitsby2020/



Theslowadoptionmightbeduetoalackofobvioususecasesforconsumersstarting

withabasiclackofpublicawareness.AlthoughrecentGooglesearchesshow“Smart

clothing”increasinginpopularity,usersstillarenotlargelyawareofthemarketofferings.



Accordingtoarecentsurveyof2,407consumersindevelopedandemergingmarkets,of

wearabletechnologies,peopleareleastofsmartclothingandetextileproducts.



"GoogleTrendsTrendingSearches."2011.18Apr.2016

https://www.google.com/trends/hottrends

"Therelationshipbetweenconsumers,wearabletechnology..."2015.18Apr.2016

http://www.lightspeedgmi.mx/resourcecenter/newsletter/relationshipconsumerswearabletechnolo

gyfashionbrands/

VendorLandscape

Consideringthatwearabletechnologyisarelativelynewindustry,thelandscapeis

populatedwithvendorsacrossmanymarket.Companiesinthewearablesmarkethave

gravitatedtofourprimarymarketplaces:

● Infotainmentrealtimedatatransmissionforentertainment

● Fitnessandwellnessmonitoringofactivityandemotions

● MilitaryandIndustrialrealtimedatatransmissioninmilitaryorindustrial

environments

● HealthcareandMedicalmonitoringofvitalsignsandsenseaugmentation



Withinthelandscape,severalmaturecompanieshaveincorporatedwearablesintotheir

existingproductstoimprovethevalueoftheirofferings.Forexample,Adidasnow

includessensorsinmanyoftheirathleticshoesandsmartbandsinmanyoftheirfitness

clothingitems.Thesedeviceshavefocusedontheexistingaudienceofpersonal

consumer.Othercompanieshaveemergedwithproductofferingssolelyinthewearable

"WearableTechnology–MarketAssessment."2015.17Apr.2016

<http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/396065/file2568104498pdf/Blog_Resources/IHSWearableTechnolo

gy.pdf?t=1427903372862>

market.Forexample,Fitbitoffers9productsthatallperformfitnesstrackingandgather

biometricdataforpersonalconsumers. 



Establishedelectronicscompanies(Samsung,Sony,Medtronic,Motorola)willneedto

competewithwearablesfocusedcompanies(Jawbone,GoPro,Pebble)tointroduce

attractive,affordable,andcompellingproductstoestablishdominanceinthiscompetitive

landscape.



Amongstthecurrent423wearabledeviceproductsonthemarket,amajorityarerelated

tofitnessandlifestyle. 



Thefollowingtableshowstheproductsthatareofferedinthefourleadingmarket

categories.



Category

ProductOfferings

Infotainment

● smartglasses

● virtualrealitygoggles

● headsupdisplays

● smartwatches

● Bluetoothheadsets

FitnessandWellness

● smartclothing

● activitymonitors

● fitnessandheartrate

monitors

● pedometers

● sleepsensors

● smartglasses

● smartwatches

● emotionalmonitors

MilitaryandIndustrial

● smartclothing

● headsupdisplays

"FitbitOfficialSiteforActivityTrackers&More."2009.17Apr.2016<https://www.fitbit.com/>

"WearableTechnologyDatabase|VandricoInc."2015.18Apr.2016

http://vandrico.com/wearables/

● handwornterminals

● smartglasses

HealthcareandMedical

● smartclothing

● biometricmonitors

● chemicalmonitors

● drugdeliveryproducts

● smartglasses

● hearingaids

● smartwatches

● defibrillators



Smartclothingproductsareincludedinthreeofthefourwearablescategories,buthave

limitedproductofferings.

SmartClothingEcosystemValueChain

Wewilllookatthehighlevelmodelofhowabusinessprovidingtheanalyticsand

analyticsplatformforthesmartclothingindustrycombinedrawmaterialsandstandards

asinput,addsvaluethroughvariousprocessesandisabletopriceandsellitsproducts

tocustomers.



ValuechainisatermcoinedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorMichaelEugene

Portertodenotetheinterrelated,andoftensequential,operatingactivitiesbusinesses

performduringtheprocessofconvertingrawmaterialsintofinishedproductssoldto

customers.Asproductsmaketheirwaythroughacompany’svaluechain,eachlink

providesanotheropportunitytoaddvaluethatcanincreaseprofits .



http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/valuechain/

TheInputs

● Sensors(eg., DataGloveTM,Heddoko,Hexoskin,OMSignal,Athos,..



)

● ETextiles(eg.,



Fibretronic,



ELITEX



®,



Feratec



®,



Tyvek



®,



…)

● DataCollectionsystemsandmethodologies(eg.,



Bluetooth,RFID,AWS,..



)

● Standardsfordatasharingandsecurity(e.g.,



HIMISS



,



NCHHSTP)

● Thepersonalrecordsofthousandsofindividuals



TheValueprovidedbybigdataanalytics

● Totheindividual:personalizedsituationalandpredictiveanalysistoimprove

function,protectfrominjuryandincreaselongevityinprofession

● Tothebusiness:trend,analysis,patternrecognitionandsimulationtodecrease

costsandincreaseproductivity

● IoTdataplatformsandanalytictools(e.g.



C3IoT,Meshify,AWS,Oracle,...



)



TheOutputs

● Trainingschedulesandsummaries

● Alertstofatigue,injury,exposure

● Workloadmaximization

● Riskreduction

● Cost/BenefitAnalysis



Thebusinessecosystemwithinwhichthesecommercialapplicationsliearejustpartof

largerecosystemsandthustherearekeypartnershipsthatwillbeessentialtothe

successofthisindustry.Thesepartnersmaydifferbetweenparticularapplicationsbut

couldinclude

● Clothingmanufacturers(inc.specialists),(eg.,Nike,Athos….



)

● Insuranceproviders(e.g.,Cygna,Medicaid,Kaiser,etc.



)

● Unions,(e.g.,NationalNursesUnited,NationalBasketballplayersunion,etc.



)

● Bigdatastorageproviders(e.g.,AmazonAWS,Apple,Oracle,etc.



)



Weassertthatthevaluechainforbothpersonalandcommercialapplicationsofsmart

clothinghingesonthedataanalyticsplatform.Thefutureofsmartclothingisnotsimply

trackinganindividual’sbiometrics,behaviorandenvironmentalexposure.Itismore

aboutanalysingandusingthedatatoprovideboththeindividualandgroupinsights.Itis

aboutcombiningandlearningfromthedata,tomakesenseofitandcreatingsomething

actuallyusefulforusers.Fortheindividualitisaboutunderstandingwhereandwhento

makeachangeinbehavior.Forexample,usingsituationalawarenessandpredictive

algorithmslearnedthroughanalysingdatafromboththeindividualandthegroup,we

cancreatepersonalizedtrainingprograms,alerttheuserwheninjuryisimminent,

providerestandnutritionguidance.Forcommercialapplicationsbigdataanalyticshelps

theorganizationsharnesstheirdataanduseittoidentifynewopportunities.That,in

turn,leadstosmarterbusinessmoves,strategicmilitaryplansandmoreeffectiveteams. 



Threeareaswheredataanalysistoolssuchasmachinelearning,patternrecognition

andstatisticalmethodologiescanmakeanimpactare,

1. Costreduction:injuryprevention,effectiveschedulingofteamsetc.

1. Faster,betterdecisionmaking

2. Whentopurchasenewsystem,productsandservices.



Givenourdataanalyticsassertionwearediscussingaplatformbasedecosystemwe

areeffectivelyconnectingpairsofmarketsina2sidedmarketplace .



Inthiscase,thedataanalyticsplatformwilltietwodistinctgroupsofuserstogether,

individualprofessionalathletesandtheirteams,nursesandhospitals,theindividual

soldierandthemilitary.Inallcases,ifsuccessfulthisplatformwillcatalyzeavirtuous

cyclewheremoredemandfromoneuserspursvalueanddemandfortheother.Inmore

twosidedmarketsthereisanunequalpricingstructurewhereone“side”subsidiesthe

other.Inthiscasetheearlycostofsmartclothingisunlikelytobeacceptabletothe

individualsothecommercialuserwillberequiredtosubsidizetheindividualmarket.This

modelisalreadyevidentintheAthosbusinessmodel,whichwewillbediscussinglater.

Thechallengesofthismarketplacemodelinclude

● Gettingthepricingbalanceright.

● Decidingifthespacewillbeabletosustainmultiplecompetitorsorisit

winnertakesall.Currentlythedataplatformandanalyticslandscapeis

fragmented.

● Thethreatofenvelopment.Smartclothinganalyticsisjustoneareawheredata

analyticsplatformsareemerging.Wehavethehealthcareindustry,retailand

manyotherpotentialconsumersofbigdataanalytics.Aplayerinthesmart

clothingbusinesswillhavetobemindfulofadjacentplayers

SmartClothingUseCases

Smartclothingproductsexistinthemarketplacethatprovideconsumerspersonaldata

insightsinathletics,military,andhealthcarecategories.However,smartclothing

productsthatgobeyondpersonaltobusinessandcommercialapplicationsareintheir

infancy.Foreachofthethreecategories,thisresearchpresentscompellingcommercial

applications,withananalysisofthemarketsizeandopportunity.

ThomasEisenmann,GeoffreyParker,andMarshallW.VanAlstyne,StrategiesforTwoSided

Markets,HarvardBusinessReview,Oct2006

UseCase:Athletics

Personalinjuriesarealltoocommonforamateurathletesandsportsenthusiasts.A

staggering$33B wasspenttreatingsportsinjuriesforyoungadultsin2014. 

18 19



Akeyinsightfromthisdataisthatmorethan50%oftheinjurieswerepreventable .

Mostsportsrelatedinjuriesarecausedbyoveruseaswellasalackofproperwarmup,

whichresultsinsprainsandstrains.



Fortheprofessionalathleticsindustry,thecostofpreventableinjuriescanjeopardizethe

successoftheirbusiness.Professionalathletesareamongthehighestpaidhumanson

theplanet.Injuriestohighlypaidathletesresultinsignificantcost,notjustfromplayer

treatmentandrehabilitation,butalsofromthecostsassociatedwithlostticketand

merchandisesales.



Smartclothingproductshavethepotentialtoreduceoreliminatemostofthepreventable

injuries.Further,applicationsthathavebigdatacapabilitiestoanalyzedatafromsmart

2014reportfromtheASPEOfficeofHealthPolicy

(https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/76816/ib_SportsInjuries.pdf)

Numerouswebsitehavethisgraphicincludinghttp://sportszone.work/topyouthsportsinjuries/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070508/

clothingmightbeabletopredictinjuriesbeforetheyhappenbasedonpredictive

analytics. 



In2014,starbasketballplayer,KobeBryant,costtheLakersastaggering$28million

whenhesufferedafracturedlateraltibialplateauandhadtomissmostoftheseason. 

WhilerehabilitationcostsforBryantweresignificant,theLakers’businesswasimpacted

greatlybylostticketsalesinwhatwasthelowestattendedLakersseasoninmorethan

10years.TherearemanyotherexamplesfromtheMLBandNBAthatfurthercement

thecostsinvolvedforprofessionalsportinjuries.



In2015,theMLBlost$700millioninplayersalariesduetoinjuries. Theadditionalcost

intermsofteamwinsandfalloutinattendanceismoredifficulttocalculate,butis

certainlyaconcerntotheprofitdrivenindustry.TheNBAlostsomewhereinthesame

ballparkeveryyearoverthepast10years .



"KobeBryantDeclaredOutforRemainderofthe...NBA.com."2014.26Apr.2016

http://www.nba.com/lakers/releases/140312kobebryant_outseason

"Infographic:2015BaseballInjuries,BrokenDown...Forbes."2015.26Apr.2016

http://www.forbes.com/sites/maurybrown/2015/10/16/infographicbreaksdownwhere700millionin

baseballinjuriesareat/

NBAinjuryanalysis:http://instreetclothes.com/nbainjuryanalysis/

CurrentAthleticSmartClothingProductOfferings

Newtothewearablesmarket,thereareafewcompaniesdevelopingsmartclothingfor

amateurandprofessionalathletes.Foundedin2012andnowinSeriesCroundof

funding,AthosiscurrentlyworkingwiththeGoldenStateWarriorstousesmartclothing

sensorstooptimizeplayerperformanceandpreventinjury. 



Athosmakesathleticsmartgarmentswhicharefullyintegratedwithwearabletechnology

thattracksheartrate,breathinglevels,andmonitormuscleactivity. 



Figure:AthosAppprovidesdataaroundmuscleengagementandcoremetrics.



TheWarriorsareusingthistechnologytomonitorathleteworkoutsandusingthedatato

determinephysicalreadinesstoplaythegame.Overtime,thecollectionofthisdata

fromtheirathleteswillenabletheWarriorstousebigdataanalyticstoanswerkey

questionsabouttheirteam:

● Whatisthemosteffectivestartinglineupfortoday’sgame?

● Whatplayerismostlikelytogetinjuredinthegameandneedstobeonthe

bench?

● Whatdocollisionsmeantotheplayerintermsofconcussions?



"Athos|CrunchBase."26Apr.2016<https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/athos>

"AthosWearableTechnologyforFitness."2013.26Apr.2016<https://www.liveathos.com/>

WhilemuchofthedatathatAthosprovidescanbenefittheindividualathlete,thekey

insightsthatbigdataanalysisprovideswillenabletheteamsthatchoosetheright

playerstowin.

AthleticsandBigData

MichaelLewis’2003bookMoneyball detailedhowstatisticsanddataanalysisare

changingtheprofessionalathletics.MoneyballtellsthestoryofhowOaklandAthletics

GeneralManager,BillyBeane,reliedonstatisticalanalysistobuildawinningteam

insteadofhiringexpensivesuperstarplayers.



Today,mostteamsdosimilarbigdataanalysisontheirteamsandpotentialrecruits.

Duringpracticeandgameplay,therearemultiplestreamsofdatacominginfrom

camerasandsensorsthatmonitoreveryaspectoftheplayer’sphysicalshape.Thisdata

canbedirectlyappliedtoimproveindividualplayerperformance,andanalyticsfromthe

largedatasetcanalsobeusedtoformpredictiveanalyticsthatimproveoverallteam

performance.Teamscanleveragemachinelearninganddataminingtoanalyzemultiple

playerdatasetstogaininsightstohelpwithdecisionmaking.



InMarch2016,theMITSloanSportsAnalyticsConference featuredmultipletalks

abouttheuseofbigdataintheindustry.Whilemostofthedatasetsarearoundplayer

statistics,forexample,performanceduringthevariouspartsofthegame,competitive

recordsbetweenteams/players,effectivepositionsinthefield,healthdatasetsare

startingtoenterthediscussion.



Therewillalwaysbeanelementofrisktakinginsports,butwiththesupportofbigdata

analytics,theteammanagerswillbebetterabletoprotecttheirplayersandensurethe

successoftheirbusinessbygaugingtherisktorewardratios.

AthleticsMarketSize

Smartclothingconsumptionisexpectedtoriseforathleteandprofessionalsportsteams

overthecourseofthenextfewyears.

MichaelLewisMoneyball

(http://www.amazon.com/MoneyballArtWinningUnfairGame/dp/0393324818/)

http://www.sloansportsconference.com



Figure:BodySensorsandSmartClothingShipments 



In2014,12millionsportsrelatedinjuriescost$33billioninhealthcarecosts .Inthe

NEISSstudydiscussedearlier,researchersfoundthat50%oftheinjurieswere

preventable.Withitsinjurypreventiondatainsight,theopportunityforsmartclothingto

addresstheseinjuriescouldbea$15billionmarket.



Intheprofessionalsportsindustry,includingtheNHL,NBA,PremierSoccerLeagues,

andMLB,playersalariesareasignificantportionofteaminvestmentandasignificant

riskoffinancialloss.Eachoftheseleaguesloseonaverage$200700milliondollars 

SmartClothingandBodySensorshttp://www.marketresearch.com/product/sample8982825.pdf

2014reportfromtheASPEOfficeofHealthPolicy

(https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/76816/ib_SportsInjuries.pdf)



NBAhttp://instreetclothes.com/2014/07/17/201314nbaseasoninjuryreview/

NFLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_issues_in_American_football

NHL

http://www.thehockeynews.com/articles/55372InjuriescostNHL218Mayearinlostsalariesawall

optobottomlinestudy.html

PremierLeaguesoccer

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article3318743/PremierLeagueclubspayingpriceinjuries

rackingwhopping270mbillseason.html



peryearonplayersalaries.This,alongwiththereducedattendanceandmerchandise

salesacrossallsports,couldaddanadditional$15billiontothemarket.



Increasinguseofsmartclothingbyathletesandprosportsteamswillbringinlarge

amountsofbiometricdata.Theresultinginsightsfromthisdataintoperformance

improvementsandinjurypreventionwilladdressthispotential$30billionmarket.

UseCase:Healthcare

Healthcarecostshavebeenrisingatadramaticratefordecadesandoneofthemajor

componentsofthiscostisinjurytothehospitalnursingstaff.Becausethenursingstaffis

theprimaryworkforceprovidingpatientcare,asingleinjuryhasarippleeffectthat

magnifiesthecosttothehospital.Inadditiontocostincreases,hospitalshaveamoral

andlegalobligationtoprovidetheirnursingstaffwithasafeworkplace.



Smartclothingisatechnicalsolutiontotheproblemofidentifyinginjurypronesituations

andpredictingcatastrophicsituationsbeforetheyoccur.Personaldatainsightsfrom

smartclothingcombinedwithpredictiveanalyticscancreateadatadrivenfeedbackand

monitoringsystemthatwilldramaticallyreducetheinjurytothenursingstaffandimprove

patientcare.



 

NumberofInjuriesPer100Employees



Althoughconstructionandmanufacturingseemlikeprofessionalwithhighriskof

physicalinjury,workplacesafetydatafromBLS(BureauofLaborStatistics)andOSHA,

asshowninthegraphabove,indicatethathospitalworkers,specificallynurses,havethe

highestrateofworkplaceinjurywith6.8per100employees.



Despitethesignificantsafetyimprovementsinthelastdecade,thecostofeachinjury

hascontinuedtogrow.Treatmentoftheinjuredworkeraswellasdaysawayfromwork

haveresultedinsignificantexpensesforhospitals.TheOSHApublicationestimates

“injuriesresultsindaysawayfromwork”tobe1.57injuriesper100hospitalworkers.

Thisisalsoamongthehighestrateofworkplaceinjuriesasshowninthegraphbelow.



InjuriesandIllnessresultingindaysawayfromwork,2011 



Asshowninthegraphbelowmorethan50%oftheinjuriestohospitalworkersare

preventableastheyareduetooverexertion,slips,tripandfalls. 



StudiesandanalysisbyOSHA clearlyshowthatthe

majorityoftheinjuriesandassociatedcostscanbe

substantiallyreducedbytraining,betterhospital

designs,andimprovedmonitoringoftheemployees

behaviourandtheworkplaceconditions.Betterdata

fromhospitalsaboutpotentialsituationswhere

injuriesoccurormightoccurcombinedwith

customizedpredictiveanalyticsforthehealthcare

workerandhospitals,willstarttochangethetideof

injuriesandmakehospitalsasaferplacetoworkfor

thenursingstaff.



https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hospitals/documents/1.2_Factbook_508.pdf



https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hospitals/documents/1.2_Factbook_508.pdf

https://www.osha.gov/

Thegoalofsmartclothingforthehospitalworkeristoenablebigdataanalyticsthatcan

beusedtopredictdangeroussituationinthehospitalandforthenurseinrealtime.It

canbeusedtobuildamonitoringandrecommendationsystemthatcanalertthe

hospitaltotakeonprojectstobettertraintheirpersonnelandevaluatethebenefitofnew

facilities,suchasbedsandcranes.

CurrentHealthcareSmartClothingProductOfferings

Dorsavi hascreatedsensorsthatcanbeeasilyintegratedwithclothingandhasa

solutiontoidentifylowbackandmuscularstress.Dorsavitargetstheworkplacesafety

market.Theyusehumanprofessionalstoviewtheoutputofthesensorsandprovidethe

appropriatefeedback.Thecollectionofbiometricsandbodymechanicsisdisplayedon

acomputerandtrainedtherapistinterpretsandprovidesguidance.



Otherinjurypreventionsolutions,suchasadvancedbeds,cranes,andtrainingfirmsthat

reviewhospitalinjuryreportscanhelptoreduceinjurytonurses.However,achief

barriertoadoptionislackofdataforthehospitaladministrationtomakeaccurate

costbenefitanalysis.Thesolutionidentifiedbelowcanincludesuchproductsandmake

themmoreusefulbyincorporatingthemincomprehensivebigdataanalyticssystemthat

addressthisissue.

HealthcareProfessionandBigData

Thecustomizedsmartclothingformsthebasisofasolutionthatusebigdataanalytics

tohelpturnthetideofinjuries.



SmartclothingandSensors:Clothingwornbynursingstaffwillincorporatesensor

technologythatwillhavethecapabilitytomonitorbodymechanicsandbiometricsand

transmittheinformationtocentralizedsystemsecurely.Theclothingshouldimposeonly

aminimumadditionaloverheadcomparedtonormalclothingwornbynursingstaff.The

keysensorstechnologythatenablessmartclothingaresensorsthatmeasureheartrate,

motionandbodymechanics.Thesesensorscommunicatewithabigdataanalytics

systems.



PersonalizedAnalytics:Thekeytoreducinginjuriestonursingstaffistomonitor,detect

andpredictdangeroussituationbeforetheyhappen.Thesmartclothingcontinuously

monitorsthebodymechanicsandbiometricsofthepersonandthebackendsystem

combinesitwiththeperson’shistoryandthecurrentconditionstocreatetheappropriate

alert.Forexample,itcansummonasecondhelperforapatientliftorhelpwithamove.

Italsoprovidesfeedbackaftertheactionhasbeencompleted.Themostusefulaspect

"HomedorsaViUS."2011.26Apr.2016<http://dorsavi.com/>

isthepotentialtrainingadviceitcanrecommendtothenursingstaff.Inadditionitcan

providecriticalwarningbeforeamajorcatastrophicinjurythatresultsinweeksaway

fromwork.Thesystemconstantlylearnsabouttheindividual’sabilitiesandweakness

andbecomesbetterovertime. 



CustomizedHospitalAnalytics:Asindicatedtheinjuriesareamajorcostbothdirectin

theformsofinsuranceandlostproductivelyandindirectintermsofpatientcare.The

biometricsandbodymechanicsdatafromitsworkerallowsthehospitalstopinpointthe

reasonsforcommoninjuriesandbenefitsofupgradingthepatientliftandmovetools.

Thesystemwillalsobeabletoprovidekeyfeedbackontrainingthatcanspecificand

customizedtotheindividual.Withthisinformationthehospitaladministrationscan

performprecisecostbenefitanalysisbetweeninvestinginnewinfrastructure(e.g

cranesinrooms)andinjurycosts.Furthermorethedatafromsmartclothingcanbe

combinedwithsensorsinpatientroomsandhospitalstocreateacomprehensiveearly

warningsystemfocusedonpreventinginjurytohospitalpersonnel.Todayhospitalhave

“checklists”foreachpatientwecanimagineascenariowheretheconnectedsmart

clothinghasachecklistforthenursebeforeeveryinjuryproneprocedure.

MarketSize

Hospitalspayahighpricefortheinjuriestotheirnursingstaff.Themajorcostofthe

injuryisbornebythehospital.Thetablebelowshowsthecostofasingleincidentas

estimatedbyOSHA report.Whiletherearemanyvariablesandmanyunknowns,itis

clearthatafewmajorsincidentsaccountforthemajorityofthecost.Themedicalcost

areunderrepresentedbecausemosthospitalscarefortheirownemployees,thetrue

costaresignificantlyhigherthanreported.



SingleIncidentCost

MedicalCost

$11,854.00

IndemnityCost

$10,587.00

LostTime(Wages)

$22,440.00

ReplacementNurse

$27,000.00



UsingthefiguresintheOSHAreportthetotalfinancialcostduetothesetypeofinjuries

canbeestimated.Thetablebelowderivesthetotalcostfortwoscenarios.Asa

https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hospitals/documents/1.2_Factbook_508.pdf



conservativeestimate,thetotalcostofinjuriesis$1.7billion.Accountingforlostwages

andreplacementoftheinjuredemployee,thecostgrowsto$3.5B.Thesmartclothing

basedbigdataanalyticssolutionaddressesthiscost.



EstimateofTotalHospitalCosts

NumberofNurses

5,000,000

PercentInjured

1.58



LowEstimate

HighEstimate

MedicalExpenses($)

11854

IndemnityCost($)

10587

LostWages($)

0

22440

Costof

Replacement($)

0

27000

PercentReplaced(%)

0

1

TotalValue($)

$1,772,839,000.00

$3,566,929,000.00



Therearemanyotherbusinesscoststhatcannotbemeasuredeasily.Metricsrelated

topatientcarearethemostimportantmetricstohospitals.Withworkplaceinjuries,there

isalsoamentaltollontheworkerandtheirfamilies,whichcanleadtoloweringthe

qualityofpatientcare.



WithhealthcaremarketgrowingduetoAffordableCareACTandpeoplelivinglonger,it

isclearthatmorenurseswillberequired.Thenursingprofessionisexpectedtogrowat

16%between2016and2024. Thismeansthattherewillbemoredemandfor

solutionstoreduceinjurytonursesandemployerswillbeinvestingheavilyintheir

nursingstaffandrequirethemtobeproductiveinordertomanageahospitalinacost

effectivemanner.Newhospitalsandnewemployeeswillbemorelikelytotrynew

systemsthathelpthemtobecosteffectiveandsafer.



Smartclothingfornursesisasolutionforawidelydocumentedproblemofinjuriesto

nursesathospitals.Mostofthekeytechnologiesforthesolutionarealreadyavailable,

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Registerednurses.htm#tab6

butcompanieshaveyettobuildacomprehensivesystemtoaddressthisparticular

problem.



Whiletherearesomechallengesandbarrierstoadoption,smartclothingsolutionsin

healthcareisasignificantmarketsizeandhasahighprobabilityofbeingablehelpin

improvetheproductivityofthenursesandreducehealthcarecosts.Therearelarge

hospitalchainsthatwillinvestinsuchsystemsandcanbecomemodelsforthelarger

industry.

Usecase:Military

Smartclothinghasbecomeanintegralpartofthedevelopmentofnewmilitaryuniforms

targetedatincreasingvisibilityintothehealthoftheindividualsoldieraswellas

providingoverallbattlefieldinsights.AlthoughthelawenforcementsectorintheUnited

Statesincludingpolice,FBI,andothersecurityagenciessharerequirementsthatareof

similarnaturetothemilitary’s,wewilldirectourfocusprimarilyontheU.Smilitarygiven

itsneeds,budget,andmarketsizearesuperiortootherlawenforcementagencies.

CurrentMilitarySmartClothingProductOfferings

Themilitaryhaspartneredwithbothindustryleaders,othergovernmentagencies,and

academiatosupportandadvancethedevelopmentofpotentialsmartclothingsolutions

thatwouldbebeneficialtotheU.S.militarybygivingthematechnologicalandtactical

advantageoveritsfoes.Theresearchanddevelopmenteffortscangenerallybe

classifiedintothreedistinctareas:

● protectionagainstinjury

● wounddetection

● health/stressmonitoring



Naturally,thereareadditionalareasthatfalloutsideoftheaforementionedcategories

butarenonethelessextremelyimportanttoachievingacompetitiveedge.



Battlefieldinjuriesareknowntorangefromtheimpactofbullets,shrapneland

explosionstoinjuriescausedbychemical,biological,radioactiveandelectromagnetic

exposure.Historically,dataidentifyingpotentialinjuriesweregatheredviathe

placementofnumeroussensorsacrossvariousbodylocationstocollectalimited

numberofhighlyindicativemarkersandinformation.



ResearchatLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryhasbeenleadingthe

developmentofafabricforuniformsthatcanbothprotectagainstbiologicalwarfareand

chemicalwarfare.Thisfabricmimicstwoaspectsofthehumanskinhowitconducts

sweatandhowitdetectsagentsfromtheworldatlarge.Ithasminuteholes,large

enoughforsweattocomeout,butsmallenoughtopreventvirusesandbacteriafrom

comingin.Thepolymerofthefabricitselfcanreacttochemicals,thusdetecting

potentialchemicalsusedinwarfare.Upondetectioniteitherclosestheholesorjust

peelsofftoprotectthepersonwearingit.



DuPonthascreatedaflameresistantfibercalledNomex



.Uniformsmadeofthisfiber

offerpermanentprotectionagainstfireandisalreadyusedextensivelywithinthe

firefightingcommunity.Thefiberdoesn'twearormeltandprovidesareliabledefense

againstfireandheatevenafterprolongedexposure.Thistechnologyispresently

alreadyincorporatedinspecializedoutfitsofdivisionswithinthearmedforces.





DuPont,“MilitaryClothing—ThermalProtectionWhenDangerFlaresUp“,2016

http://www.dupont.com/productsandservices/personalprotectiveequipment/thermalprotective/use

sandapplications/militarythermalprotection.html



TheU.S.armyincollaborationwithFosterMillerandMaldenMillsIndustries



has

developedgarmentsformilitarypersonnelreferredtoasunderarmorthatcollects

variousvitalsignsandusesthatdatacoupledwithalgorithmstodetectstress,health,

wounds/injuriesandmissionstatus.Unliketypicalmonitoringsystemsrequiringvarious

devicestobestrappedontodifferentbodyparts,thesesmartclothingprototypeshave

sensorsbuiltintothemmakingthemvirtuallyunintrusiveinfact,theyaredesignedwith

comfortofthesoldierinmind.



Asthemilitaryuniformsareoutfittedwithincreasinglypowerhungrygadgetry,theneed

togenerateandstoreenergybecomesacrucialpartoftheequationtosustainthe

properoperationofthetechnology.Theincreasedpowerrequirementsofthemodern

uniformarethereforedrivinganemergingareaofresearchthatfocusesmostlyon

generatingandcapturingenergywithinthetextiles .Today,soldiersareforcedtocarry

heavybatteriestopowertheirelectronicdevicesandsubsystems.



TheArmyisexploringwaystomakepowergeneration,storage,andconductivityan

integralpartofsmartgarments.Amongearlyattemptstoreachthatloftygoal,theArmy

designed,produced,anddispensedspecializedblanketsthatcontainsolarcellsusedto

generateelectricity.Inadditiontocapturingsolarenergy,anewgenerationofsensors

thathavetheabilitytotransformkineticenergyintoelectricityinasoldier'sgaitto

energy.



Inordertoremovethecumbersomeneedtocarrycablestoconnectelectronic

equipmenttotheirpowersources,researchteamshavemadeittheirgoaltousing

conductivematerialinthegarmentstotransmitelectricityfromthebatterypacksto

electronicdevices,therebyeliminatingcablesandtheirassociatedweight.

MilitaryandBigData

Thebenefitsofsmartclothinghasbothpersonalandgroupaspectstoit.Froman

individualperspective,thebenefitsareimmediateandobvious.Theygetprotectionfrom

dangerouschemicals,viruses,bacteria,fireandradiationagentsthatcancauseserious

injury.Theyalsogetprotection,ifnotcompletely,againstbulletsandexplosions.All

theseresultinthepreventionoftrauma,whichthesoldierdoesn'thavetoendure.



38

BridgetteMeinhold,“U.S.MilitaryDevelopsHighTechUndiestoMonitorSoldiers’Vitals“,Jan26,

2012

http://www.ecouterre.com/usmilitarydevelopssmartundiestomonitorsoldiersvitalsduringcomb

at/

SigridTornquist,“Etextilesformilitarymarkets“,Jan11,2014

http://advancedtextilessource.com/2014/01/etextilesformilitarymarkets/



Thegroupaspecthastwopartstoit,themilitaryasawholeandcountryatlarge.By

utilizingsmartclothing,theinjuriescanbereduced,thusreducingthecostoftreatment,

particularlylifetimetreatmentofthoseinjured,whichisbornebythewholecountry.



Thegroupaspectsofsmartclothingatamilitarywidelevelaren'tobvious,thusaren't

quitevisible.Infact,thisareadoesn'tseemtohavebeenexploredasmuchasthe

smartclothingthemselves.However,themilitaryisusingthedatacollectedviasmart

clothingfromvarioussoldierstostudytheresultsofmilitaryengagements



.Such

studiesresultinbetterplanningoffuturemissionstominimizecasualties.



Theywillextendtothepointofdynamiccommunicationandtacticalterationbasedon

theinformationreceivedfromvarioussoldiersinthegroupandtheresultidentifiedfrom

processingthem.Inordertodothisthemilitaryhasto,anddoes,employsophisticated

algorithmsthatprocessdatacollectedinrealtimetoproduceinsights.Thisiswherethe

technologyofbigdataintersectswithsmartclothing.Astheamountofcomputingpower

andsoftwareneededwouldbeextensiveandsophisticated,webelievethatthisiswhere

bulkofthemarketopportunitiesinsmartclothingformilitaryexist.

Marketsize

TheU.S.militaryconsistsof1.4millionactivepersonnel,whichspansacrossthearmy,

marinecorps,navy,airforce,andcoastguard.Inaddition,therearemorethan800,000

reservepersonnel .



Component

Military

UnitedStatesArmy

541,291

UnitedStatesMarineCorps

195,338

UnitedStatesNavy

317,237

40

BridgetteMeinhold,“U.S.MilitaryDevelopsHighTechUndiestoMonitorSoldiers’Vitals“,Jan26,

2012

http://www.ecouterre.com/usmilitarydevelopssmartundiestomonitorsoldiersvitalsduringcomb

at/

Wikipedia,“UnitedStatesArmedForces”,

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces

UnitedStatesAirForce

333,772

UnitedStatesCoastGuard

42,357

TotalActive

1,429,995

ArmyNationalGuardoftheUnitedStates

342,000

UnitedStatesArmyReserve

198,000

UnitedStatesMarineCorpsForcesReserve

38,900

UnitedStatesNavyReserve

57,400

AirNationalGuardoftheUnitedStates

105,500

UnitedStatesAirForceReserve

69,200

UnitedStatesCoastGuardReserve

7,000

TotalReserveComponents

818,000



Thecasualtyandinjuryrateofmilitarypersonnelaredirectlyproportionaltothenumber

andscaleoftheUnitedStates’involvementinconflicts.ThemostrecentwarsinIraq

andAfghanistanalonehavereachedaninjurytollinexcessof850,000soldiers .



850,000injuredU.S.soldiersstemmingfromtwowarsaloneisalargenumberthatpales

incomparisontotheworldwidetotalnumberofinjuriesandcasualtiesoriginatingfrom

warsacrosstheglobetoday.ItisestimatedthattheU.S.governmentspendsan

averageof$2Millionperinjuryformedicalsupportandbenefitsoverthelifetimeofthe

soldier .TheresultingtotalpostwarbillforinjuriesbornebythetaxpayerfortheUnited

States’involvementinIraqandAfghanistanamountstoamindboggling$1.7Trillion.

ThisrepresentsanenormousburdentothetaxpayersandontheU.S.andglobal

economies.



Takingaconservativeapproachandassumingthat10%oftotalinjuriesrecordedinthe

conflictsinIraqandAfghanistancouldhavebeenpreventedthroughtheuseofsmart

clothing,onecouldimaginerallyingbehindatotalsavingof$170B.Notonlydoesthis

representalargebreakforthetaxpayer,butitwouldhaveavoided85,000human

tragedies.



Itisawellknownfactthatmenandwomentargetingacareerinlawenforcement

drasticallyincreasetheirexposuretoworkinjuriesrelatedtoassaults.In2014alone,

accordingtotheFBI,thenumberofrecordedassaultrelatedinjuriesoflawenforcement

officersreachedastaggering13,528 .Althoughthetotalnumberofinjuriesinlaw

enforcementforasimilartimespantotheIraqandAfghanistanconflictsonlyadsupto

about152,000 ,itrepresentsasignificantburdentosocietyandsurfacesanoteworthy

smartclothingmarket.Althoughsignificant,thelawenforcementsmartclothingmarket

Bilmes,LindaJ."TheFinancialLegacyofIraqandAfghanistan:HowWartimeSpending

DecisionsWillConstrainFutureNationalSecurityBudgets."HKSFacultyResearchWorkingPaper

SeriesRWP13006,March2013



Bilmes,LindaJ."TheFinancialLegacyofIraqandAfghanistan:HowWartimeSpending

DecisionsWillConstrainFutureNationalSecurityBudgets."HKSFacultyResearchWorkingPaper

SeriesRWP13006,March2013

FBINationalPressOffice,“FBIReleases2014StatisticsonLawEnforcementOfficersKilledand

Assaulted”,October19,2015

https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/pressreleases/fbireleases2014statisticsonlawenforcementof

ficerskilledandassaulted



FBINationalPressOffice,“FBIReleases2014StatisticsonLawEnforcementOfficersKilledand

Assaulted”,October19,2015

https://www.fbi.gov/aboutus/cjis/ucr/leoka/2014/tables/table_76_leos_asltd_type_of_weapon_and_

percent_injured_20052014.xls



canbecombinedwiththemilitarysmartclothingmarketthattargetssimilarrequirements

andwheretechnologicaladvancesareeasilytransferrableforsimilarusecases.The

lawenforcementandmilitarymarketsarebothsensitivetoprotectingtheindividual

aheadoftheactualpricetagofthetechnology.



In2016,theU.S.militaryspendingontextilesandclothingisestimatedtoreach$1.5B .

Thisnumberislikelytoincreaseasdemandforleadingedgetechnologiesinthesmart

clothingsectorbecomesmoreprominent.Theinterestandappetitefortechnological

advancesinsmartclothingformilitaryuseisnotpropertotheUnitedStatesalone,butis

acommonneedsharedamongalmostallmilitaryinstitutionsonaglobalscale.The

smarttextilesmarketformilitaryusesisexpectedtogrowat10.4%CAGRglobally

between2014and2019 .Thegraphbelowshowstheprojectedspendinginwearable

technologyformilitaryuses.Itisprojectedtoreach$500Mby2018.Thegrowthtrend

depictedbelowconfirmsboththerealityofthismarketanditsglobalreachandinterest.



JeffreyC.Rasmussen,“Thestateoftheindustry”,March18,2016

http://advancedtextilessource.com/2016/03/thestateoftheindustry2016/



Technavio,2016

http://www.technavio.com/pressrelease/standardizationofsmarttextilesacceleratinggrowthprosp

ectsintheglobalsmart

Sensors&Data

Sensortechnologyhasevolvedquiterapidlyinthepastfewyearsduetoanincreasein

demandinmobiledeviceswheresmallermoreaccuratemultidimensionalsensorshave

becomestandardhardwareissueinsteadofadifferentiatingfactor.Thistrendhas

resultedinafewkeyadvancementsthathavehelpedincreasethevisibilityofthesmart

clothingmarketasatrueinvestmentcontender.Amongtheimportantsensor

developmentsandtechnologicaladvancesareminiaturizationofsensors,asteep

reductioninproductioncost,andimprovedreliability.Inpreviousgenerationsof

sensors,itwasn'tuncommontohaverequirethesensorstobestrappedaroundvarious

bodypartstoenableaccurateandlocalizedmeasurements.Bydefinition,thelarge

sensorsizesandawkwardplacementseliminatedsensortechnologyforuseinclothing

formanyyears.Inaddition,sensorswereinherentlyexpensiveandthuscostprohibitive

tobeadaptedforeverydaywearinclothing.Asanincreasednumberofthe

aforementionedtechnologicalandculturalbarriershavebeenaddressedandovercome,

itresultedinanexplosioninsensoravailabilityforclothing.Theavailablesensorsfall

intothreemaincategoriesconsistingofphysiological,kinetic,andagentdetection.



Physiologicalsensorsincludesensorsthatmeasureperspirationrate,urinecomposition,

salivacomposition,heartrate,bloodpressure,sweatchemistry,sleep/restquality,

muscleengagement,bloodoxygenationandbodytemperature,justtonamethemost

commonones.Thesearepredominantlyusedtodetectinjuries,stressandtrauma.



Kineticsensorsincludesensorsthatmeasuresteps,pressure,acceleration

(accelerometers),direction(gyroscopes),location(GPS).Thesesensorsareusedto

detectstress,injuries,generateelectricity,providetacticalcoordinationfortroopsonthe

groundandforcommandersbackatmissioncontrol.



Environment/agentdetectionsensorsincludesensorsthatmeasureradiation,chemicals,

viruses,bacteria,fungi,atmosphericpressure,humidity,andtemperature.Theirprimary

purposeistoprovidedatatodetectdangersandhelpavertthem.



Allthesesensorstakevariousformsandusevariousmaterials.Useofnanotechnology

isontheriseforsuchsensorsgiventhecustomizabilityanddrasticreductioninsize,it

isanaturalfitforsmartclothing.Suchsensorsarecoatedorembeddedintheclothing.

Inaddition,threadshavebeenmodifiedtobecomesensors.Variousclothingmaterial

likecotton,polyester,etc.havebeenmodifiedtosensevariousitemsnewmaterials

havebeenproducedaswell.

BarrierstoAdoption

Thetechnicalandculturalchallengestotheadoptionandintegrationofbigdataarenot

uniquetothesmartclothingmarketplaceortheindustriesthatwehaveconsidered.The

solutions,ingeneral,arealsonotunique .InTheEconomistarticle,“TheHypeandthe

Hope” ,theEconomistIntelligenceUnitdescribeseveralkeycommonbarriersto

adoptingbigdatasuccessfully:

● lackofcommunicationbetweendepartmentsororganization

● poorbigdataskills

● inadequatesoftware

● lackofwillingnesstosharedata

● overlycomplicatedreports



Theseproblemsaffectdifferentindustrysegmentsatdifferentrates.Withtheexception

ofthetelecommunicationsandretailingsectors,theadoptionofbigdatahasbeenslow.

ThesameEconomistarticlefoundthatthehealthcare,pharmaceuticals,and

biotechnologyindustriesaretheslowestadoptersofbigdata.However,therearesome

additionalcomplicationsinthehealthcareindustry.ShillabeerandRoddick citeseveral

inherentconflictsbetweenthetraditionalmethodologiesofdataminingapproachesand

medicinewhicharecausedbyboththesiloedaspectofthemedicalindustryandthe

complexityofprivacyissues.Wewilldiscusstheresultingdatastandardsimplicationand

privacyandsecurityconcernsinthissection



Forsmartclothingtoincreaseadoptionandfullyrealizethemarketpotential,theoffering

needtoovercomeseveralissuesandpursuepotentialsolutionsthatarecommonacross

allbigdataopportunities.

TechnicalChallenges

Sowhatexactlyisbigdata?TheMcKinsleyGlobalInstituredefinesbigdataas“datasets

whosesizeisbeyondtheabilityoftypicaldatabasesoftwaretoolstocapture,store,

Canlas,R.D.“DataMininginHealthcare:CurrentAplicationsandIssues.”2009

http://www.cclfi.org/files/Data_Mining_Health.pdf

https://www.hds.com/assets/pdf/thehypeandthehopesummary.pdf

Shillabeer,A.andRoddick,J..”EstablishingaLineageforMedicalKnowledgeDiscovery.ACM

InternationalConference.”2007.ProceedingSeries.(311)70,2937

http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1378250&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=767313862&CFTOKEN=68786

879

manageandanalyze”.GaffneyandHuckabee havealsodescribedbigdataintermsof

volume,velocity,variety,andveracity.



● Volume:Thevolumeofdatabeingcreatedtodayisgrowingexponentiallywith

theincreaseinlargescaleinternetapplications,explosioninubiquitoussensing

technologyandtheinternetofthings(IOT).Thisisillustratedbythemonitoring

devicesthroughoutthemanufacturing,retail,healthcare,fitnessandmilitary

industries.



● Variety:Thevarietyofdataisalsoincreasing.Justconsideringthefitness

industry,wehavewearablesthattrack,geolocation,velocity,acceleration,

breathingrates,heartrates,heatandskinchemicals.Thiscollectionofdata

elementsrequiresstandardizationandnormalizationinorderformeaningful

comparisons,integrationorlearningtooccur.Theabilitytopulltogetherand

analyzethiswidevarietyofdataiscriticaltosuccess.



● Velocity:Complexanalyticcapabilitiesandtoolswillberequiredtotacklethe

speedatwhichthisdataisbeinggeneratedandenableanalysisandactiontobe

takeinatimelyorneartorealtimeway.



● Veracity:Analysisofdataisonlyasgoodasthedatawegather.Thus,

methodologies,processesandsystemstoensuredataintegrity,accuracyand

trustworthinessareessential.Thisisafundamentalrequirementinthehealthand

safetyenvironmentsthatwehaveselectedtoinvestigate.



Tounderstandthetechnicalchallengesofimplementingbigdata,solutionsneedto

addressdatastandards,interoperability,privacyandsecurity,andtheanalysisofbig

data.Inaddition,thesmartclothingfieldintroducesadditionaltechnicalchallenges,such

asbuildingsensorssuitabletobeembeddedinclothingandhowtoconnecttothose

sensorstoretrieveaggregateandanalyzethedata.

Standards:thelanguageofbigdata

Afundamentalrequirementofthebigdataindustryisthatcommunicationofdatamust

occurwithinandbetweenorganizations.Manycurrentsystemsuseproprietarydata

formats.However,thechallengeistoharmonizedataformatstowardsapreferredopen

dataformatwithappropriatemetadatatoprovidenecessarycontextregardingthedata

Gaffney,B.&Huckabee,M.(2014).Part1:WhatisBigData?Source:HIMSSDataandAnalytics

TaskForce,July8,2014.

http://www.himss.org/ResourceLibrary/genResourceFAQ.aspx?ItemNumber=30730

acquisitionandinitialanalysis.Onepossiblesolutionwillbetoadoptanestablished

openstandard,likeHierarchicalDataFormat5[HDF5,2014] .Aseconddatachallenge

willbearisewhendatasystemsattempttocomparedatafromsensorsproducedor

calibrateddifferently.Forexamplewhenmanufacturersusedifferentthresholds,sample

rates,orfilters.

Privacy:Securingdata

Whiletherearemanyculturalquestionsregardingprivacy(wewilladdresslater)there

arealsotechnologicalchallengestosecuringbothraw,personaldataandtheinsights

thatarederived.

DatabrokerscollectdatafromnumeroussourcesforeveryoneintheUS.Itisalarming

howmuchdataiscollectedandthepotentialforsecuritybreaches,particularlyfrom

wearabledevices .

OneglaringtechnologicalissueisHadoop,anopensourcesoftwareframeworkfor

storingandprocessingbigdatainadistributedfashion.Hadoopwasn’tbuiltwithsecurity

inmind;itwasdevelopedsolelytoaddressmassivedatastorageandfasterprocessing

andiswidelyadoptedacrossthe“bigData”industry .It’sweaknessillustratedthethree

mostcommonsecuritythreats:

1.Unauthorizedaccess:InHadoop,alldataisaccessiblebyallusersofthecluster

andthusisonlyassecureasitsleastsecureuser.ThehealthInsurancePortabilityand

AccountabilityActof1996(HIPAAandthePaymentCardIndustry(PCIDSS)have

createdrigorousstandardsbutHadoopsystemshavehadchallengescomplyingto

requirementsincludingsuchaccesscontrols,authorizationandauditing

2.DataProvenance:Tobesecurewemustbeabletoknowandverifythesourceof

everybitofdata.Thisistheprovidenceofdata,orgarbageingarbageout!Ifwecannot

trusttheoriginandveracityofourdatathenwecannottrusttheinsight.

3.DIYHadoop:Finally,becauseHadoopisopensource,itcanbeadapted,changed,

tunedandmodifiedbybasicallyanyone.Thus,itisaconstantbattletoidentifynew

securityholesthatemerge.



Inadditiontosecuringthedataproducedbywearablesensors,thesensorsanddevices

themselvesposeathreattoworkplacesecurity.Itisestimatedthat90millionwearable

TheHDFGroup.HFD5.2014.http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/

Maddox,T.“Thescarytruthaboutdatasecuritywithwearabledevices.”TechRepublic.2014

http://www.techrepublic.com/article/thescarytruthaboutdatasecuritywithwearables/

MITTechnologyReview:2015SecuringtheBigDataLifecycle,MITTechnologyReview:

http://files.technologyreview.com/whitepapers/OracleSecuringtheBigDataLifeCycle.pdf



datadevices(“WDD”)willbeshippedtocustomersin2014.Manyofthesecustomers

willbringthemintotheworkplace,whichwillchallengeemployerstoadaptemployment,

intranetsecurityandITpoliciestothesenewvisitors .

TheFederalTradeCommissionhasbecomethedefactoregulatorofprivacyanddata

securitythroughitsbroadauthoritytoregulate“unfairordeceptiveactsorpracticesinor

affectingcommerce”underSection5oftheFederalTradeCommissionAct.Inthisrole,

thecommissionhasalreadybroughtenforcementactionsunderSection5against

companiesengagedininformationprivacy,datasecurity,behavioraltrackingandother

datarelatedcommercialactivitieswhenthosecompaniesfailedtoadequatelydisclose

datacollectionpractices,abidebypromisesmadeintheirprivacypolicies,orprovidea

“fair”levelofsecurityforconsumers.

Analysis:Miningdataforvaluablecontent

Interpretingdatafromwearablesensorsischallenging.Asdiscussed,thedatawillbe

heterogeneous,comingfromavarietyofsensortypeswithdifferentmodalities.Asecond

challengeisthenonuniformnatureofthedata.Itmayarrivesporadically,withtemporal

gaps,andexcessnoise.Thisincreasestheanalysiscomplexityandcanleadtofalse

confidenceinresults.Thereisasignificantamountofeffortandresearchcurrently

directedtowardsunderstandinghowtointerpretthetypeofmultiparameter,longitudinal

dataproducedbyheathmonitorsandwearablesystems .However,thechallenge

remainstoautomaticallylabelingavectoroffeaturesvaluesindicativeofhealthofan

individualamongstthepopulationatlarge.

ConnectivityandPortability

Asdiscussedwearablesensorshavethecapabilityofgeneratinglargedatasets.Asan

exampleconsiderthefollowingsetofwearablesensorsandinertialsensortotriaxial

accelerometry,gyroscopyandmagnetometryat100Hz,andbarometricpressureat2

Hz,andassumingtwobytespersamplepersignal,thiswillgenerateapproximately156

MBofdataperday .Thenthereisbatterypowerwhichisafactorlimitingthevolumeof

data.Thus,wehaveatradeoffbetweentransmissionandpreservingbatterylife,one

solutionistopreprocessdataonthesensortoextractonlysalientinformationto

transmit,butthatdoesnecessarilyimplythatsomeinformationcouldbelost.An

Cain,J.,2014,WearableDevicesintheWorkplaceChallengeDataSecurityandPrivacy.

https://www.mintz.com/newsletter/2014/Advisories/42000814NATPRIVELB/index.html

KohlmannM,HauxR,MarschollekM,WolfKH,GietzeltM,SongB.Highintensity,multimodality

andincoherence:grandchallengesintheanalysisofdataforhealthenablingtechnologies.Stud

HealthTechnolInform2013;192:967.

Redmond,S.J..,etal.“WhatDoesBigDataMeanforWearableSensorSystems?”Contributionof

theIMIAWearableSensorsinHealthcareWG.IMIAYearbookofMedicalInformatics.2014

importantchallengewillbetodesignlowpowercircuitandsensordesign,andpower

scavengingtechnologies.Alternatively,somesituationmayallowforwirelesslyretrieval

ofalldataifdevicesarechargeddaily

Power,heatdissipation,washability,miniaturization,comfort,flexibilityareallfactorsin

theportabilitychallenge.Althoughtherehavebeensignificantdevelopmentsinpower

supplytechnology,itisstillacriticalissueinthefieldofsmartclothingandinparticular

etextiles.Itwillremainachallengealthoughthereisinterestingworkindeveloping

wearablesystemscapableofaccumulatingenergydissipatedbythebodyallowingusto

powerourownsensors .Alternatively,ThermotronofUNITIKA ,isaparticularfabric

58 59

abletoconvertsunlightintothermalenergyandstoringheat.InsidetheThermotron

therearemicroparticlesofzirconiumcarbidewhichallowthefabrictoabsorbandfilter

sunlight.Theinnerlayerofthefabricwithholdstheheatgeneratedandpreventsitfrom

becominglost,thusprovidinguswithmethodologiestouseourownheatortheexternal

powersourceofthesuninpoweringsensors. 

Insmartclothingingeneralandthetypesofusecaseswehavediscusseditwillbe

requiredthatsensorsandusuallymultiplesensorscommunicatewithexternaldevicesin

neartooractualrealtime.Forexample,toalertthenurseormilitarypersonnelto

impendingdangerorinjury.Evenwithouttherealtimerequirementthedatafromthe

sensorneedstobecommunicatedbacktothedataanalyticsplatforminatimesensitive

fashion.Thuswirelesscommunicationisessentialcomponenttothesuccessofthe

smartclothingindustry.Currentoptionsallhavesomedrawbacks:

● Bluetooth:hasrelativelyhighpowerconsumption(50100mW),hasa

masterslaveprotocolthatsupportonly7slavestoonemaster,andrequired

handshakingtoestablishconnection.

● RadioProtocols(e.g.IEEE802.15.4):Incaseswheremorethan7sensornodes

areneededorwhenextremelowpowerisrequired,anadhoc/peertopeer

protocolmaybemoreeffective.Allowingradiostomoveinandoutofthelocal

sensornetworkwithoutbreakingtheflowofcommunications.Astheseradios

requirelessthan1mWtocommunicateovera30meterrangetheymaybe

adequateforhealthindustryandsomesportsapplicationsbutnotsuitablefor

militaryorothermoredistributedapplications.

● RFID:forcertainapplicationsthatrequirepassivecommunicationsRFIDtags

canbeusedtoidentifypeople,places,andthings.However,thiswouldnotsolve

thewholecommunicationchallenge.

MatteoStoppaandAlessandroChiolerio,WearableElectronicsandSmartTextiles:ACritical

Review,Sensors2014,14,1195711992;http://www.mdpi.com/14248220/14/7/11957/pdf

http://www.unitika.co.jp/e

Wehavediscussedmanytypesofsensorsinourusecasesbutchallengesremaininto

achievelowcostunobtrusiveandwidelyacceptabledevicesincludinghigheruser

comfort,useintheworkplace,motionartifactreduction,textileandfabricinnovationand

improvedsignaltonoiseratio.Smartclothingposesaverycomplexdatagathering

challenge.Thesensorswillbeheterogenouscollectingdifferenttypesofdatain

differentways,theymustbewashabletobefunctionalandtheyneedtoincludea

communicationmechanismsuchasanantenna.

Cultural

Theconceptofusingwearabletechnologytomonitorhealthopensmanyquestionseven

whenthedataandinsightsarerestrictedtothedoctorpatientrelationship.However,it

becomesinfinitelymorecomplexwhentheinsightand/ordataissharedwithasecondor

thirdpartysuchasanemployer,willpeopleacceptthisintrusionintotheirlifestylesand

personaldetails?Thiswilldependonthesituationoftheindividualandhowthey

balancesafetyandhealthwithprivacy.Ifthebenefittotheindividualisnotimmediately

apparent,suchasdetectionofadangerousvirusorgas,thenthecosttoprivacymay

preventthewidespreadadoptionofwearabletechnologyintheworkplace.Ultimately,

therewillbeabalancetobemetbetweensecuringpersonaldataandmakinginsights

availabletosecondpartiessuchasemployers.Itwillberequiredthatgovernment

regulatesmisuseandmandatehowdatacanbelegallyusedandwhatpunishmentsare

appropriateforthevarioustransgressionswhichwillinevitablyarise.Thereticencedoes

notonlyemergeontheemployee,orindividual’s,sideorthistwosidedmarketplace,the

employeralsohastobeconcernedwithlegalliabilities.Whatifthedataanalysisfailsto

spotanathlete’sbraininjury,anursewithpoorpostureorasoldierinsomeimminent

danger,willtheemployerbeliable.Alternatively,whatifthesystemdoesspottheriskby

theemployerdoesnotact?“Theboundarybetweenuseandmisuseofbigdatatrulyisa

socialquandaryrequiringdemocraticdebatetoarriveataconsensusofwhatis

consideredacceptabletothemajori



ty”



.

● Expense:14%saythatwearabletechistooexpensive 

● Privacy:52%saythatlossofprivacyisthebiggestconcernforwearable

technologies 

Redmond,S.J..,etal.“WhatDoesBigDataMeanforWearableSensorSystems?”Contributionof

theIMIAWearableSensorsinHealthcareWG.IMIAYearbookofMedicalInformatics.2014

"TechStyles:AreConsumersReallyInterestedinWearing..."2014.28Apr.2016

<http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2014/techstylesareconsumersreallyinterestedin

wearingtechontheirsleeves.html>

"Viewsfromaroundtheglobe:2ndAnnualReportonHow..."28Apr.2016

<http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2015/01/19/viewsaroundglobe2ndannualreportpersonaltech

nologychanginglives/>

● Style:53%saythatwantwearabletechtobemorestylish 

● Utility:51%saythattheywon’tbuyawearablebecausetheylackcompelling

usecases 

Theuservalueforclothingcomprisesfunctionalandsymbolicattributes.Functional

valueistoprovideprotectionandcomfort,whilesymbolicvalueistheimpressionthe

wearergivestootherpeoplebyexteriorappearance .Thechallengestoculture

adoptionarebasedonboththefunctionalandaestheticappeal.Keypsychological

considerationsarediscussedbySuh ,andincludethermalcomfort(heatandmoisture

regulation),tactilecomfort(physicalsensation)andmobility(movement,fit,andsize)

andfashionissues.AscanbeseenfromSuh’sdiagram,theculturalbarriersdepend

upontheapplicationunderconsideration.Theusecaseswehavediscussedplace

functionalityaboveexpressivenessaswehavefocusedontheprofessionalinhis/her

workplace.



MappingofSmartClothingMarketSegments:(a)byproductorientedsegment,(b)by

userorientedsegment 

"TechStyles:AreConsumersReallyInterestedinWearing..."2014.28Apr.2016

<http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2014/techstylesareconsumersreallyinterestedin

wearingtechontheirsleeves.html>

"WEARABLESMARTWATCHMARKETREPORTBusiness..."2014.28Apr.2016

<http://www.businessinsider.com/wearablesmartwatchmarketreport201411>

RosenbladWallin,E.(1985).UserorientedProductDevelopmentAppliedtoFunctionalClothing

Design.AppliedErgonomics,16,279287

Suhetal,MinyoungSuh,KateCarroll,andNancyCassill,CriticalReviewonSmartClothing

ProductDevelopment,JournalofTextileandApparelTechnologyandManagement,Volume6,

Issue4,Fall2010,http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/JTATM/article/download/702/728

Suhetal,MinyoungSuh,KateCarroll,andNancyCassill,CriticalReviewonSmartClothing

ProductDevelopment,JournalofTextileandApparelTechnologyandManagement,Volume6,

Issue4,Fall2010,http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/JTATM/article/download/702/728



SpecialBarrierConsiderationsPertainingtotheMilitary

Thebarriersforadoptionofsmartclothingapplicationsinthemilitarysectorarequite

differentfromthoseofthegeneralpopulation.Itisthereforeimportanttotakeacloser

lookatthebarriersthatsetthemilitaryindustryapartfromotherindustries.



Unlikethemajorityofcivilianusecases,itismucheasierforthemilitarytoovercome

someofthebarriersofadoptionthatplagueotherindustries.Theseincludeexpenses,

privacyconcerns,legalimplications,style,andutility.Today’smilitarybudgetismassive

andenablesthevariousbranchesofthearmedforcestoprovideeachsoldierwiththe

bestequipmentavailabletoensuretheirsafetyandsurvival.Privacyandlegalaspects

ofpersonalidentifiableinformation(PII)andcollecteddataarenotaconcernwithinthe

confinesofthemilitaryasthemilitaryoperatesbeyondcivilianlawinmostofthese

aspects.



Utility,cultural,style,andpsychologicalbarriers,althoughomnipresent,willbe

overshadowedbythelargeindividualbenefitsprovidedbytherecordedandcollected

data.Inamilitaryenvironment,thedata,itsanalysis,andtheresultsmayhavelifeand

deathimplicationsonthesoldier.Onceeducatedaboutthemanyupsidesofthesmart

clothing,itisexpectedthatsoldierswillnaturallygravitatetowardstheiruse.



Smartclothingapplicationstargetingthemilitarysectorarefacedwithsomeunique

barriersthatmaynotimpactthecivilianusecases.Reliabilityrepresentsoneofthe

mainbarriersthatwilleliminatemanydevelopersandsmartclothingmanufacturers.The

garments,sensors,algorithmsandcomputersmustworkatalltimesindependentof

circumstancesandenvironmentswhileproducingconsistentresults.Let’sillustratethis

withascenarioinwhichasmartgarmentthatwassupposedtodetect,protect,andalert

againstbiologicalwarfarewasdefectivein10%ofthedeploymentschaoswould

ensue.Themilitarywillthereforepayapremiumtoensurethereliabilityoflifesaving

smartgarments.



Thelastbarrierworthpointingoutistheneedforspecializedsensorsinmilitary

applicationsthatmaynotnecessarytranslateintocivilianapplications.Collectionof

urinesamplesordetectionofradiationaren'trelevanttociviliansmartclothingusecases

butrepresentavitalweaponinthemilitarysmartclothingarsenal.Thus,military

orientedandoftentimessecretiveresearchhastobeperformedtoaddressthespecific

needsofourarmedforces.Inaddition,specializedcomputeralgorithmshavetobe

developedandperfectedtoanalyzedata(bothfromspecialsensorsandregularones

likesweatdetection).



Specialbarrierconsiderationspertainingtothemilitaryrevolvemostlyabouttechnology

limitsandreliabilityinsteadofcultural,stylistic,privacy,orlegalascouldbethecasein

othersmartclothingindustries.

PathtoMarketSuccess

Werecommendthefollowingtoenablemarketsuccess:



1. Developearlyusescasesindomainswhereissuesofprivacy,securityandlegal

issuesareminimized.Athletics,hospitalsandmilitaryareorganizationsthat

alreadydealwithsuchissuesandhavesystemstoaddressthem.

2. Createtherightpartnershipswithsensorcompanies.Thiswillbecrucial

becauseclothingsensorshaveuniquerequirementssuchaswaterproof,

washability,andcomfort.

3. Createpartnershipswithclothingdesignersandmanufacturerstodevelopatruly

wearableproduct.Pluggingintheclothingintothewallwillnotbeanoptionfor

charging.Theclothingwillneedtobetreatedlikeclothingandnotalikeapiece

ofelectronicequipment

4. Hirethepeoplewithadvancedskillsinmachinelearningandmathematics.This

willberequiredtodevelopthealgorithmsthatwillbenecessarytobuildsolutions

foreachproblemdomain.

5. Harnesstheopensourcetechnologiesthathavealreadyimplementedmanyof

theadvancedalgorithmsusingmachinelearningandrealtimeanalytics

6. Addressthechallengesofrealtimeprocessingofbigdatabydevelopinga

partnershipswithhardwareandsoftwarevendors.



Ultimately,thedesignandversatilityofthebigdataprocessingplatformfrom

connectivityofclothing,integrationofenvironmentalsensorsandtheanalytics

capabilitiesthatarecustommadeforeachdomainwilldeterminemarketsuccess.

Conclusion

Bigdataanalysisisnecessarytorealizethefullpotentialofsmartclothing.Thereare

manysmartclothingproductsandusecaseswhereprovidingpersonalbiometricor

environmentaldatatoenduserscanimprovethehealth,safety,andhappinessof

consumers.However,theseusecaseshavelimitedmarketvalueandwillprobablyhave

limitedgrowthinthenext510years.



Companieswhodevelopproductsthatusebigdatatoidentifytrendsandcanusethe

predictiveanalyticstoimprovetheperformance,health,andsafetyoflargerpopulations

willachievemarketsuccess.Thesecommercialapplications,particularlyinprofessional

athletics,military,andhealthcarehavesignificantmarketpotential.



AsecondarymarketofIOTbigdataplatformswillgrowtoservethesecommercial

customersandusecases.StartupssuchasC3IoTandMeshifyofferplatformsforIoT

applications,includingbigdataanalysisandbusinessintelligencetools.Theseplatforms

“aggregatevolumesofdisparatedatafromenterprisesystemsandexternalsources;apply

advancedmachinelearningalgorithmsforrigorous,predictive,andcontinuousanalysis;and

presentactionableinsightsthataddressmissioncriticalbusinessimperatives.” 



Withthelargerwearableindustrydrivingtechnicalinnovationinsensorsizeand

capabilityaswellasanewmarketofIoTplatforms,smartclothingispositionedtohave

thetoolsformarketsuccess.Byfocusingoncommercialapplication,culturalchallenges

ofstyleandexpensebecomelessofabarrier.



Althoughconsumerwearableandsmartclothingtechnologieshavelargerpublic

attention,businessandenterpriseapplicationwillgivethemarketfinancialvaluethat

drivegrowthinyearstocome.Aninvestmentindevelopingproductsthatserve

commercialusecaseswillofferinvestorsandshareholdersthequickestrateofreturn. 

"C3IoT."2016.17Apr.2016<https://c3iot.com/>

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